Here are the primary Greek words translated as “watchman” or related to watching, staying alert, or guarding in the New Testament, along with their Strong’s numbers, definitions, and key scripture references:
1. γρηγορέω (grēgoreō) – Strong’s G1127 #
Meaning: To be awake, to watch, to be vigilant, to stay alert (spiritually and physically).
Often used in the context of spiritual vigilance, prayer, and readiness for the Lord’s return.
Scripture Examples:
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Mark 13:33 (AMP) – “Be on guard and stay constantly alert (grēgoreō) [and pray]; for you do not know when the appointed time will come.”
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1 Peter 5:8 (AMP) – “Be sober [well balanced and self-disciplined], be alert (grēgoreō) and cautious at all times. That enemy of yours, the devil, prowls around like a roaring lion…”
Key Insight: Describes the heart posture of a spiritual watchman—awake, aware, and prayerful.
2. φυλάσσω (phulassō) – Strong’s G5442 #
Meaning: To guard, keep watch, protect, preserve.
Used for both physical guarding and spiritual responsibility.
Scripture Examples:
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Luke 2:8 (AMP) – “In the same region there were shepherds staying out in the fields, keeping watch (phulassō) over their flock by night.”
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2 Thessalonians 3:3 (AMP) – “But the Lord is faithful, and He will strengthen you [setting you on a firm foundation] and will protect (phulassō) and guard you from the evil one.”
Key Insight: Emphasizes the protective and preserving nature of the watchman’s role.
3. τηρέω (tēreō) – Strong’s G5083 #
Meaning: To keep, guard, observe, watch over. Often used to describe keeping God’s Word or commandments.
Scripture Examples:
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John 17:12 (AMP) – “While I was with them, I was keeping (tēreō) them in Your name which You have given Me…”
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Revelation 3:10 (AMP) – “Because you have kept (tēreō) My command to endure patiently, I will also keep you from the hour of trial…”
Key Insight: This word shows the ongoing care and obedience aspect of watchfulness.
4. ἀγρυπνέω (agrupneō) – Strong’s G69 #
Meaning: To be sleepless, keep awake, to be watchful—especially in prayer and vigilance.
Scripture Examples:
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Hebrews 13:17 (AMP) – “…for they are keeping watch (agrupneō) over your souls as those who will have to give an account…”
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Mark 13:33 (alternate form used alongside grēgoreō).
Key Insight: Closely tied to spiritual leadership and pastoral intercession—a literal sleeplessness out of care and duty.
Summary Table #
| Greek Word | Strong’s # | Meaning | Key Scripture Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| grēgoreō | G1127 | Be alert, spiritually awake | Mark 13:33, 1 Peter 5:8 |
| phulassō | G5442 | Guard, protect, preserve | Luke 2:8, 2 Thess. 3:3 |
| tēreō | G5083 | Keep, observe, maintain | John 17:12, Rev. 3:10 |
| agrupneō | G69 | Sleepless vigilance | Hebrews 13:17, Mark 13:33 |
